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enomous snake
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The black mamba is the most feared snake in Africa because of its size, aggression, venom toxicity and speed of onset of symptoms following envenomation
For the video game character, see Venom Snake.
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties.


Contents
1	Evolution
2	Taxonomy
3	Terminology
4	Danger
4.1	Toxicity issues
4.2	Other factors
5	See also
6	References
7	External links
Evolution
Main article: Evolution of snake venom
The evolutionary history of venomous snakes can be traced back to as far as 28 million years ago. Snake venom is actually modified saliva used for prey immobilization and self-defense and is usually delivered through highly specialized teeth, hollow fangs, directly into the bloodstream or tissue of the target. Evidence has recently been presented for the toxicofera hypothesis, that venom was present (in small amounts) in the ancestors of all snakes (as well as several lizard families) as "toxic saliva" and evolved to extremes in those snake families normally classified as venomous by parallel evolution. The toxicofera hypothesis further implies[according to whom?] that "nonvenomous" snake lineages have either lost the ability to produce venom (but may still have lingering venom pseudogenes), or actually do produce venom in small quantities, likely sufficient[according to whom?] to help capture small prey but causing no harm to humans when bitten.

Taxonomy
There is not a single or special taxonomic group for venomous snakes. Venom is known in several families. This has been interpreted[by whom?] to mean venom in snakes originated more than once as the result of convergent evolution. Around a quarter of all snake species are identified as being venom

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