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ctor 49, the Japanese Garden in Sector 31, the Terraced Garden in Sector 33, Shanti Kunj Garden, the Botanical garden and the Bougainvillea Garden. There is also a Government museum and art gallery in Sector 10, Chandigarh.

Demographics
Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	21,967	—    
1911	18,437	?1.74%
1921	18,133	?0.17%
1931	19,783	+0.87%
1941	22,574	+1.33%
1951	24,261	+0.72%
1961	119,881	+17.32%
1971	257,251	+7.93%
1981	451,610	+5.79%
1991	642,015	+3.58%
2001	900,635	+3.44%
2011	1,055,450	+1.60%
source:
Population

Population growth in Chandigarh over the years.
As of 2011 India census, Chandigarh had a population of 1,055,450, making for a density of about 9,252 (7,900 in 2001) persons per square kilometre.

Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. The sex ratio is 818 females for every 1,000 males. The child sex ratio is 880 females per thousand males. Chandigarh has an effective literacy rate of 86.77% (based on population 7 years and above), higher than the national average; with male literacy of 90.81% and female literacy of 81.88%. 10.8% of the population is under 6 years of age. The population of Chandigarh forms 0.09 per cent of India in 2011.

There has been a substantial decline in the population growth rate in Chandigarh, with just 17.10% growth between 2001 and 2011. Since, 1951–1961 the rate has decreased from 394.13% to 17.10%. This is probably because of rapid urbanisation and development in neighbouring cities. The urban population constitutes as high as 97.25% of the total and the rural population makes up 2.75% as there are only a few villages within Chandigarh on its Western and South-Eastern border and the majority of people live in the heart of Chandigarh.[citation needed]

Languages
Languages of Chandigarh (2011)

  Hindi (57.60%)
  Punjabi (22.03%)
  Urdu (1.00%)
  Nepali (0.62%)
  Bengali (0.59%)
  Tamil (0.53%)
  Others (1.63%)
  Bhojpuri (16%)
English is the sole official language of Chandigarh. The majority of the population speaks Hindi (57.60%) while Punjabi is spoken by 22.03%. Government schools use English, Hindi, and Punjabi textbooks. The percentage of Punjabi speakers has come down from 36.2% in 1981 to 22.03% in 2011, while that of Hindi speakers has increased from 51.5% to 73.6%. However, many languages such as Haryanvi and Pahari are counted in Hindi.

Religion
Religion in Chandigarh
Religion		Percent
Hinduism	
?
80.78%
Sikhism	
?
13.11%
Islam	
?
4.87%
Christianity	
?
0.83%
Others	
?
0.4%
Hinduism is the predominant religion of Chandigarh followed by 80.78% of the population. Sikhism is the second most popular religion in the city, followed by 13.11% of the people. Islam is followed by 4.87%. Minorities are Christians 0.83%, Jains 0.19%, Buddhists 0.11%, those that didn't state a religion are 0.10%, and others are 0.02%.

Many institutions serve minorities in the city. One such being the Roman Catholic Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh, serving the Catholics, which even has a co-cathedral in the city, Christ the King Co-Cathedral, although it never was a separate bishopric. Most of the convent schools of Chandigarh are governed by this institution.

Chandigarh hosts many religious places, including Chandimandir, the temple after which it was named. The ISKCON temple in Sector 36 is one of the worship places for Hindus. Nada Sahib Gurudwara, a famous place for Sikh worship lies in its vicinity. Apart from this, there are a couple of historical mosques in Manimajra and Burail.

Government and politics
Main articles: Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency) and Municipal Corporation Chandigarh

Punjab and Haryana High Court by Le Corbusier
Chandigarh, as a union territory, is not entitled to a state-level election: thus State Assembly elections are not held and it is directly controlled by the central government. One seat for Chandigarh is allocated in the Lok Sabha elections held every five years.

The following Members of Parliament have been elected from the Chandigarh constitue

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