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["Joanne Riley" <JoanneRiley@…>]

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http://thyroidation.us/bqx4bNY8Nnv11KCcCRPGCEJ95NgM0RN1qFs84ELzJDWCp7pNdQ

http://thyroidation.us/NoFjZMEUueNufxSBt94bXqkb6WBNCFcO8Al6-OXKJb6XUWZqGw
    
ord vertebrate derives from the Latin word vertebratus (Pliny), meaning joint of the spine.

Vertebrate is derived from the word vertebra, which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column.
ll basal vertebrates breathe with gills. The gills are carried right behind the head, bordering the posterior margins of a series of openings from the pharynx to the exterior. Each gill is supported by a cartilagenous or bony gill arch. The bony fish have three pairs of archbrate is the vertebral column, in which the notochord (a stiff rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements (vertebrae) separated by mobile joints (intervertebral discs, derived embryonically and evolutionarily from the notochord).

However, a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy, retaining the notochord into adulthood, such as the sturgeon and coelacanth. Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages (fins or legs, which may be secondarily lost), but this trait is not required in order for an animal to be a verte

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